1、交流發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理
1. Working principle of alternator
交流發(fā)電機(jī)由電樞線圈(定子)和勵(lì)磁線圈(轉(zhuǎn)子)二部分組成，如果在勵(lì)磁線圈中間通過(guò)直流電，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)電磁場(chǎng)，如果勵(lì)磁線圈不斷轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，這個(gè)電磁場(chǎng)就形成了一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)，根據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)定律，導(dǎo)體和磁場(chǎng)發(fā)生相互切割，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)，因此發(fā)電機(jī)中的旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)和電樞線圈相互切割，在發(fā)電機(jī)的電樞線圈就會(huì)有感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)產(chǎn)生。
The alternator is composed of armature coil (stator) and excitation coil (rotor). If DC current passes through the middle of the excitation coil, an electromagnetic field will be generated. If the excitation coil rotates continuously, the electromagnetic field will form a rotating magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the conductor and magnetic field will cut each other, and the induced electromotive force will be generated. Therefore, the rotating magnetic field and armature coil in the generator are cut each other, There will be induced electromotive force in the armature coil of the generator.
可見，感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)的大小和磁通成正比，和發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速成正比。一般都是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁電流，改變磁通大小，就可以調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)，從而調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓。發(fā)電機(jī)的A．V．R裝置就是通過(guò)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流來(lái)穩(wěn)定發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓。
It can be seen that the size of the induced electromotive force is proportional to the magnetic flux and the speed of the generator. Generally, the induced electromotive force of the generator can be adjusted by adjusting the excitation current of the generator and changing the magnetic flux, so as to adjust the output voltage of the generator. The A.V.R device of the generator stabilizes the output voltage of the generator by automatically adjusting the excitation current.
發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓U=E-IX 發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出頻率 f=n/60×p
Output voltage of generator U=E-IX Output frequency of generator f=n/60 × p
2、交流無(wú)刷發(fā)電機(jī)
2. AC brushless generator

現(xiàn)在國(guó)外的發(fā)電機(jī)技術(shù)都是生產(chǎn)交流無(wú)刷發(fā)電機(jī)。顧名思義，“無(wú)刷”就是這種發(fā)電機(jī)沒有炭刷和滑環(huán)。無(wú)刷發(fā)電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)不同于其它各種有刷的交流同步發(fā)電機(jī)。它是由主發(fā)電機(jī)、勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)及旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器組成。主發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁由勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的交流，經(jīng)過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器進(jìn)行三相橋式整流后變成直流，直接輸入主發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁繞組(轉(zhuǎn)子繞組)。使主發(fā)電機(jī)能夠發(fā)電。
At present, foreign generator technology is to produce AC brushless generator. As the name implies, "brushless" means that the generator has no carbon brush and slip ring. The structure of brushless generator is different from other kinds of brushless AC synchronous generators. It is composed of main generator, excitation generator and rotating rectifier. The excitation of the main generator is converted from the AC generated by the excitation generator to DC after three-phase bridge rectification by the rotating rectifier, and then directly input into the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator. Enable the main generator to generate electricity.
勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)與一般的交流發(fā)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同，其定子為勵(lì)磁繞組，轉(zhuǎn)子為電樞繞組，因而可以將勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)的電樞繞組、旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器及主發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁繞組(轉(zhuǎn)子繞組)三者共同安裝在一個(gè)公共軸上，這樣就可以改變了傳統(tǒng)的勵(lì)磁電流由炭刷和滑環(huán)緊密接觸輸入轉(zhuǎn)子繞組的勵(lì)磁方式。進(jìn)一步提高了發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行的可靠性，獲得了比較好的電氣性能。
The structure of the excitation generator is different from that of the general alternator. Its stator is the excitation winding and the rotor is the armature winding. Therefore, the armature winding of the excitation generator, the rotating rectifier and the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator can be installed on a common axis together, which can change the traditional excitation method that the excitation current is input into the rotor winding through close contact between the carbon brush and the slip ring. The reliability of generator operation is further improved and good electrical performance is obtained.
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